Partial and complete wetting of droplets of active Brownian particles.

Abstract

We study wetting droplets formed of active Brownian particles in contact with a repulsive potential barrier, in a wedge geometry. Our numerical results demonstrate a transition between partially wet and completely wet states, as a function of the barrier height, analogous to the corresponding surface phase transition in passive fluids. We analyse partially wet configurations characterised by a nonzero contact angle <i>θ</i> between the droplet surface and the barrier including the average density profile and its fluctuations. These findings are compared with two equilibrium systems: a Lennard-Jones fluid and a simple contour model for a liquid-vapour interface. We locate the wetting transition where cos(<i>θ</i>) = 1, and the neutral state where cos(<i>θ</i>) = 0. We discuss the implications of these results for possible definitions of surface tensions in active fluids.