Molecular assembly indices of mineral heteropolyanions: some abiotic molecules are as complex as large biomolecules.

Hazen, Robert M; Burns, Peter C; Cleaves, H James; Downs, Robert T; Krivovichev, Sergey V; Wong, Michael L · J R Soc Interface · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Molecular assembly indices, which measure the number of unique sequential steps theoretically required to construct a three-dimensional molecule from its constituent atomic bonds, have been proposed as potential biosignatures. A central hypothesis of assembly theory is that any molecule with an assembly index ≥15 found in significant local concentrations represents an unambiguous sign of life. We show that abiotic molecule-like heteropolyanions, which assemble in aqueous solution as precursors to some mineral crystals, range in molecular assembly indices from 2 for H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> or Si(OH)<sub>4</sub> groups to as large as 21 for the most complex known molecule-like subunits in the rare minerals ewingite and ilmajokite. Therefore, values of molecular assembly indices ≥15 do not represent unambiguous biosignatures.

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