Drift of Schottky Barrier Height in Phase Change Materials.

Nir-Harwood, Rivka-Galya; Cohen, Guy; Majumdar, Amlan; Haight, Richard; Ber, Emanuel; Gignac, Lynne; Ordan, Efrat; Shoham, Lishai et al. · ACS Nano · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Phase-change memory (PCM) devices have great potential as multilevel memory cells and artificial synapses for neuromorphic computing hardware. However, their practical use is hampered by resistance drift, a phenomenon commonly attributed to structural relaxation or electronic mechanisms primarily in the context of bulk effects. In this study, we reevaluate the electrical manifestation of resistance drift in sub-100 nm Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>5</sub> (GST) PCM devices, focusing on the contributions of bulk vs interface effects. We employ a combination of measurement techniques to elucidate the current transport mechanism and the electrical manifestation of resistance drift. Our steady-state temperature-dependent measurements reveal that resistance in these devices is predominantly influenced by their electrical contacts, with conduction occurring through thermionic emission (Schottky) at the contacts. Additionally, temporal current-voltage characterization allows us to link the resistance drift to a time-dependent increase in the Schottky barrier height. These findings provide valuable insights, pinpointing the primary contributor to resistance drift in PCM devices: the Schottky barrier height for hole injection at the interface. This underscores the significance of contacts (interface) in the electrical manifestation of drift in PCM devices.