Solid Electrolyte Interphase Recombination on Graphene Nanoribbons for Lithium Anode.

Abstract

The practical application of lithium metal batteries is hindered by the lithium dendrite issue, which is seriously affected by the composition and structure of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Modifying the SEI can regulate lithium dendrite formation and growth. Here, we experimentally realize a Li protective layer of LiTFSI-ether electrolyte induced a natural SEI grafted on graphene nanoribbons (SEI@GNRs) via their <i>in situ</i> reactions. The experimental results and theoretical calculations uncover that the 3D structure of SEI@GNRs can reduce the local current density and Li⁺ flux. The natural SEI in SEI@GNRs, especially the rich inorganic species of LiF, Li₃N, and Li₂S, decreases the Li⁺ nucleation overpotential, makes Li⁺ ion deposition and nucleation uniform, and isolates electron transport. Their synergetic effect suppresses Li dendrite formation and growth, increasing the electrochemical performance of lithium metal batteries. The design strategy is beneficial for the development of lithium metal batteries.