Study on chitosan/gelatin hydrogels containing ceria nanoparticles for promoting the healing of diabetic wound.

Abstract

Chronic inflammation at diabetic wound sites results in the uncontrolled accumulation of pro-inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which impedes cell proliferation and delays wound healing. To promote the healing of diabetic wounds, chitosan/gelatin hydrogels containing ceria nanoparticles (CNPs) of various sizes were created in the current study. CNPs' efficacy in removing <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow><msubsup><mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn> <mrow><mo>•</mo> <mo>-</mo></mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </math> , •OH, and H₂O₂ was demonstrated, and the scavenging ability of CNPs of varying sizes was compared. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that hydrogels containing CNPs could effectively protect cells from ROS-induced damage and facilitate mouse fibroblast migration. Furthermore, during the treatment of diabetic wounds in vivo, hydrogels containing CNPs exhibited anti-inflammatory activity and could reduce the expression of the pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α (above 30%), IL-6 (above 90%), and IL-1β (above 80%), and effectively promote wound closure (above 80%) by inducing re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis. In addition, the biological properties and therapeutic effects of hydrogels containing CNPs of various sizes were compared and discussed. The finding revealed that hydrogels with 4 nm CNPs exhibited more significant biological properties and had implications for diabetic wound treatment.