Observation of naturally canalized phonon polaritons in LiV<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> thin layers.

F Tresguerres-Mata, Ana I; Lanza, Christian; Taboada-Gutiérrez, Javier; Matson, Joseph R; Álvarez-Pérez, Gonzalo; Isobe, Masahiko; Tarazaga Martín-Luengo, Aitana; Duan, Jiahua et al. · Nat Commun · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Polariton canalization is characterized by intrinsic collimation of energy flow along a single crystalline axis. This optical phenomenon has been experimentally demonstrated at the nanoscale by stacking and twisting van der Waals (vdW) layers of α-MoO<sub>3</sub>, by combining α-MoO<sub>3</sub> and graphene, or by fabricating an h-BN metasurface. However, these material platforms have significant drawbacks, such as complex fabrication and high optical losses in the case of metasurfaces. Ideally, it would be possible to canalize polaritons "naturally" in a single pristine layer. Here, we theoretically predict and experimentally demonstrate naturally canalized phonon polaritons (PhPs) in a single thin layer of the vdW crystal LiV<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. In addition to canalization, PhPs in LiV<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> exhibit strong field confinement ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <msub><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow> </msub> <mo>~</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>0</mi></mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow><mi>27</mi></mrow> </mfrac> </math> ), slow group velocity (0.0015c), and ultra-low losses (lifetimes of 2 ps). Our findings are promising for the implementation of low-loss optical nanodevices where strongly directional light propagation is needed, such as waveguides or optical routers.