Structural basis of Acinetobacter type IV pili targeting by an RNA virus.

Meng, Ran; Xing, Zhongliang; Chang, Jeng-Yih; Yu, Zihao; Thongchol, Jirapat; Xiao, Wen; Wang, Yuhang; Chamakura, Karthik et al. · Nat Commun · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Acinetobacters pose a significant threat to human health, especially those with weakened immune systems. Type IV pili of acinetobacters play crucial roles in virulence and antibiotic resistance. Single-stranded RNA bacteriophages target the bacterial retractile pili, including type IV. Our study delves into the interaction between Acinetobacter phage AP205 and type IV pili. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we solve structures of the AP205 virion with an asymmetric dimer of maturation proteins, the native Acinetobacter type IV pili bearing a distinct post-translational pilin cleavage, and the pili-bound AP205 showing its maturation proteins adapted to pilin modifications, allowing each phage to bind to one or two pili. Leveraging these results, we develop a 20-kilodalton AP205-derived protein scaffold targeting type IV pili in situ, with potential for research and diagnostics.

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