Can self-propelled objects escape from compression stimulation?

Yoshikai, Masaki; Matsuo, Muneyuki; Suematsu, Nobuhiko J; Nishimori, Hiraku; Nakata, Satoshi · Soft Matter · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

We studied circular papers impregnated with camphor (CPs) and CPs with magnets (MCPs) as self-propelled objects floating on water under the compression of the water surface as an inanimate system for evacuation in an emergency. Two water chambers-C<sub>in</sub> and C<sub>out</sub>-were connected <i>via</i> a plastic gate, and eight CPs or eight MCPs were placed on C<sub>in</sub>. We monitored the movement of the CPs or MCPs from C<sub>in</sub> to C<sub>out</sub> when the gate was opened and the area of C<sub>in</sub> (<i>A</i><sub>in</sub>) was decreased using a barrier. When <i>A</i><sub>in</sub> was large, CPs moved stochastically from C<sub>in</sub> to C<sub>out</sub> while exhibiting random motion. The escape probability from C<sub>in</sub> to C<sub>out</sub> (<i>P</i>) at time <i>t</i> = 20 s increased with a decrease in <i>A</i><sub>in</sub>, and the rate of increase in <i>P</i> increased depending on the width of the gate (<i>W</i><sub>g</sub>). By contrast, clustering was observed for MCPs. Consequently, <i>P</i> of MCPs was lower than that of CPs. The difference in the surface tension between C<sub>in</sub> and C<sub>out</sub> (Δ<i>γ</i>) increased with a decrease in <i>A</i><sub>in</sub>. <i>P</i> is discussed in relation to Δ<i>γ</i> as the driving force for emergencies and the repulsive forces between CPs or attractive forces between MCPs. These results suggest that the repulsive force enhances the self-propulsion of objects towards the gate, that is, as a result, higher values of <i>P</i> are obtained.