Ultrahigh energy storage in high-entropy ceramic capacitors with polymorphic relaxor phase.

Zhang, Min; Lan, Shun; Yang, Bing B; Pan, Hao; Liu, Yi Q; Zhang, Qing H; Qi, Jun L; Chen, Di et al. · Science · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Ultrahigh-power-density multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) are critical components in electrical and electronic systems. However, the realization of a high energy density combined with a high efficiency is a major challenge for practical applications. We propose a high-entropy design in barium titanate (BaTiO<sub>3</sub>)-based lead-free MLCCs with polymorphic relaxor phase. This strategy effectively minimizes hysteresis loss by lowering the domain-switching barriers and enhances the breakdown strength by the high atomic disorder with lattice distortion and grain refining. Benefiting from the synergistic effects, we achieved a high energy density of 20.8 joules per cubic centimeter with an ultrahigh efficiency of 97.5% in the MLCCs. This approach should be universally applicable to designing high-performance dielectrics for energy storage and other related functionalities.