Knowledge, attitude, and practices about breast cancer among women in a high-altitude sub-Himalayan region: Are we reaching the unreached?

Abstract

Breast cancer awareness and early detection are critical for reducing the global burden of the disease. This study assessed breast cancer awareness among women in a high-altitude sub-Himalayan region of North India. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among women attending the gynecology outpatient clinic in a district hospital. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on breast cancer knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Participants received posttest health education and counseling on breast cancer prevention strategies. The study included 188 participants with a mean age of 31.0 ± 8.8 years. The findings revealed inadequate knowledge about breast cancer among a significant portion of the cohort. Misconceptions about risk factors, such as breastfeeding, oral contraceptive use, and past wrongdoings, were observed. Only half of the participants believed early-stage breast cancer could be effectively treated. Limited awareness of screening methods, including self-breast examination and mammography, was noted. Barriers to breast self-examination (BSE) included considering it unnecessary and lacking knowledge about its execution. This study highlights insufficient breast cancer awareness in the high-altitude sub-Himalayan region. Targeted interventions, including health campaigns and electronic media, should be prioritized to improve knowledge and promote early detection practices.