Topology of ferroelectric nematic droplets: the case driven by flexoelectricity or depolarization field.

Zou, Yu; Yang, Jidan; Zhang, Xinxin; Huang, Mingjun; Aya, Satoshi · Soft Matter · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The recent discovery of ferroelectric nematics provides new opportunities for exploring polar topology in liquid matter. Here, we report numerous potential polarization topological states (<i>e.g.</i>, polar vortex-like and line disclination mediated structures) in confined ferroelectric nematics with similar free-energy levels. In the experiment, they appear according to the confinement size and surface anchoring conditions. Based on a minimal analytical approach, we reveal that the topological transformation is balanced among the nematic elasticity, the polarization gradient, the flexoelectric and the depolarization interactions.