Trace gas oxidation sustains energy needs of a thermophilic archaeon at suboptimal temperatures.

Leung, Pok Man; Grinter, Rhys; Tudor-Matthew, Eve; Lingford, James P; Jimenez, Luis; Lee, Han-Chung; Milton, Michael; Hanchapola, Iresha et al. · Nat Commun · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Diverse aerobic bacteria use atmospheric hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) and carbon monoxide (CO) as energy sources to support growth and survival. Such trace gas oxidation is recognised as a globally significant process that serves as the main sink in the biogeochemical H<sub>2</sub> cycle and sustains microbial biodiversity in oligotrophic ecosystems. However, it is unclear whether archaea can also use atmospheric H<sub>2</sub>. Here we show that a thermoacidophilic archaeon, Acidianus brierleyi (Thermoproteota), constitutively consumes H<sub>2</sub> and CO to sub-atmospheric levels. Oxidation occurs across a wide range of temperatures (10 to 70 °C) and enhances ATP production during starvation-induced persistence under temperate conditions. The genome of A. brierleyi encodes a canonical CO dehydrogenase and four distinct [NiFe]-hydrogenases, which are differentially produced in response to electron donor and acceptor availability. Another archaeon, Metallosphaera sedula, can also oxidize atmospheric H<sub>2</sub>. Our results suggest that trace gas oxidation is a common trait of Sulfolobales archaea and may play a role in their survival and niche expansion, including during dispersal through temperate environments.

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