Ankle Cartilage: Chondral and Osteochondral Lesions: A Further Dive into the Incidence, Terminology, and the Cartilage Cascade.

Abstract

The current concepts thoroughly highlight the ankle cartilage cascade focusing on the different stages and the different etiologic factors that can introduce a patient into the cascade. Moreover, the authors will provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the types of lesions that may present as symptomatic, asymptomatic, and dangerous for progression into osteoarthritis, and the authors supply the reader with considerations and directions for future clinical implications and scientific endeavors.