Ammonium-derived nitrous oxide is a global source in streams.

Wang, Shanyun; Lan, Bangrui; Yu, Longbin; Xiao, Manyi; Jiang, Liping; Qin, Yu; Jin, Yucheng; Zhou, Yuting et al. · Nat Commun · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Global riverine nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions have increased more than 4-fold in the last century. It has been estimated that the hyporheic zones in small streams alone may contribute approximately 85% of these N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. However, the mechanisms and pathways controlling hyporheic N<sub>2</sub>O production in stream ecosystems remain unknown. Here, we report that ammonia-derived pathways, rather than the nitrate-derived pathways, are the dominant hyporheic N<sub>2</sub>O sources (69.6 ± 2.1%) in agricultural streams around the world. The N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes are mainly in positive correlation with ammonia. The potential N<sub>2</sub>O metabolic pathways of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) provides evidence that nitrifying bacteria contain greater abundances of N<sub>2</sub>O production-related genes than denitrifying bacteria. Taken together, this study highlights the importance of mitigating agriculturally derived ammonium in low-order agricultural streams in controlling N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Global models of riverine ecosystems need to better represent ammonia-derived pathways for accurately estimating and predicting riverine N<sub>2</sub>O emissions.

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