Atomically Dispersed Metal Catalysts for the Conversion of CO₂ into High-Value C₂₊ Chemicals.

Abstract

The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into value-added chemicals with two or more carbons (C₂₊) is a promising strategy that cannot only mitigate anthropogenic CO₂ emissions but also reduce the excessive dependence on fossil feedstocks. In recent years, atomically dispersed metal catalysts (ADCs), including single-atom catalysts (SACs), dual-atom catalysts (DACs), and single-cluster catalysts (SCCs), emerged as attractive candidates for CO₂ fixation reactions due to their unique properties, such as the maximum utilization of active sites, tunable electronic structure, the efficient elucidation of catalytic mechanism, etc. This review provides an overview of significant progress in the synthesis and characterization of ADCs utilized in photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and thermocatalytic conversion of CO₂ toward high-value C₂₊ compounds. To provide insights for designing efficient ADCs toward the C₂₊ chemical synthesis originating from CO₂, the key factors that influence the catalytic activity and selectivity are highlighted. Finally, the relevant challenges and opportunities are discussed to inspire new ideas for the generation of CO₂-based C₂₊ products over ADCs.