Photocatalytic toluene oxidation with nickel-mediated cascaded active units over Ni/Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> monolayers.

Shi, Yingzhang; Li, Peng; Chen, Huiling; Wang, Zhiwen; Song, Yujie; Tang, Yu; Lin, Sen; Yu, Zhiyang et al. · Nat Commun · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Adsorption and activation of C-H bonds by photocatalysts are crucial for the efficient conversion of C-H bonds to produce high-value chemicals. Nevertheless, the delivery of surface-active oxygen species for C-H bond oxygenation inevitably needs to overcome obstacles due to the separated active centers, which suppresses the catalytic efficiency. Herein, Ni dopants are introduced into a monolayer Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> to create cascaded active units consisting of unsaturated W atoms and Bi/O frustrated Lewis pairs. Experimental characterizations and density functional theory calculations reveal that these special sites can establish an efficient and controllable C-H bond oxidation process. The activated oxygen species on unsaturated W are readily transferred to the Bi/O sites for C-H bond oxygenation. The catalyst with a Ni mass fraction of 1.8% exhibits excellent toluene conversion rates and high selectivity towards benzaldehyde. This study presents a fascinating strategy for toluene oxidation through the design of efficient cascaded active units.