Multistate, Ultrathin, Back-End-of-Line-Compatible AlScN Ferroelectric Diodes.

Kim, Kwan-Ho; Han, Zirun; Zhang, Yinuo; Musavigharavi, Pariasadat; Zheng, Jeffrey; Pradhan, Dhiren K; Stach, Eric A; Olsson, Roy H et al. · ACS Nano · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The growth in data generation necessitates efficient data processing technologies to address the von Neumann bottleneck in conventional computer architecture. Memory-driven computing, which integrates nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices in a 3D stack, is gaining attention, with CMOS back-end-of-line (BEOL)-compatible ferroelectric (FE) diodes being ideal due to their two-terminal design and inherently selector-free nature, facilitating high-density crossbar arrays. Here, we demonstrate BEOL-compatible, high-performance FE diodes scaled to 5, 10, and 20 nm FE Al<sub>0.72</sub>Sc<sub>0.28</sub>N/Al<sub>0.64</sub>Sc<sub>0.36</sub>N films. Through interlayer (IL) engineering, we show substantial improvements in the on/off ratios (>166 times) and rectification ratios (>176 times) in these scaled devices. These characteristics also enable 5-bit multistate operation with a stable retention. We also experimentally and theoretically demonstrate the counterintuitive result that the inclusion of an IL can lead to a decrease in the ferroelectric switching voltage of the device. An in-depth analysis into the device transport mechanisms is performed, and our compact model aligns seamlessly with the experimental results. Our results suggest the possibility of using scaled Al<sub><i>x</i></sub>Sc<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>N FE diodes for high-performance, low-power, embedded NVM.