Clinical Performance of the Line Immunoassay and Digital Liquid Chip Method for Detecting Autoimmune Liver Disease Autoantibodies.

Abstract

The identification of autoantibodies associated with autoimmune liver disease (ALD) is crucial for diagnosis and management. Various laboratory methods have been introduced to detect autoantibody profiles. However, the variable performance of these assays may create challenges for clinicians and patients. To investigate the concordance rates and diagnostic performance of 2 commercially available assays, line immunoassay (LIA) and digital liquid chip method (DLCM), in patients with ALD. A total of 291 serum samples were collected, consisting of 180 sera from patients with ALD and 111 sera from controls. The samples were detected through LIA and DLCM. The agreement and diagnostic performance of each assay were analyzed. There was substantial to almost perfect agreement among prevalent autoantibodies (anti-mitochondrial antibody M2; antibodies against gp210, Sp100, and Ro52). Nevertheless, the Cohen κ coefficient of some uncommon autoantibodies (anti-LKM-1, anti-LC-1, and anti-SLA/LP) between the 2 methods was not ideal. LIA showed slightly better sensitivity, accuracy, and negative predictive value, while DLCM exhibited slightly higher specificity and positive predictive value. LIA and DLCM demonstrated comparable performance for the detection of common ALD-related autoantibodies. LIA seemed to be more sensitive, while DLCM displayed more specificity. However, standardization of ALD autoantibody detection still faces challenges between these diverse detection systems. Comprehensive interlaboratory validation is essential to mitigate potential misunderstanding and confusion among patients and clinicians.