The role of CO<sub>2</sub> in the genesis of Dabie-type porphyry molybdenum deposits.

Jiang, Zi-Qi; Shang, Lin-Bo; Williams-Jones, A E; Wang, Xin-Song; Zhang, Li; Ni, Huai-Wei; Hu, Rui-Zhong; Bi, Xian-Wu · Nat Commun · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Porphyry-type molybdenum deposits, many of which are in China, supply most of the World's molybdenum. Of particular importance are the molybdenum deposits located in the Qinling-Dabie region that are responsible for more than half of China's molybdenum production. A feature that distinguishes this suite of deposits from the better-known Climax and Endako sub-types of porphyry molybdenum deposits is their formation from CO<sub>2</sub>-rich magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. The role of CO<sub>2</sub>, if any, in the transport of molybdenum by these fluids, however, is poorly understood. We conducted experiments on the partitioning of molybdenum between H<sub>2</sub>O-CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O-NaCl, and H<sub>2</sub>O-NaCl-CO<sub>2</sub> fluids and a felsic melt at 850 °C and 100 and 200 MPa. Here we show that the exsolution of separate (immiscible) brine and vapor leads to the very high brine D<sub>Mo</sub> values needed for efficient extraction of Mo from the magmas forming Dabie-type porphyry molybdenum deposits.