The reduced net carbon uptake over Northern Hemisphere land causes the close-to-normal CO<sub>2</sub> growth rate in 2021 La Niña.
basic_science · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 38848371.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1126/sciadv.adl2201 and PMC identifier 11160468.
- Licence recorded as CC BY-NC.
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Abstract
La Niña climate anomalies have historically been associated with substantial reductions in the atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> growth rate. However, the 2021 La Niña exhibited a unique near-neutral impact on the CO<sub>2</sub> growth rate. In this study, we investigate the underlying mechanisms by using an ensemble of net CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes constrained by CO<sub>2</sub> observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 in conjunction with estimates of gross primary production and fire carbon emissions. Our analysis reveals that the close-to-normal atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> growth rate in 2021 was the result of the compensation between increased net carbon uptake over the tropics and reduced net carbon uptake over the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes. Specifically, we identify that the extreme drought and warm anomalies in Europe and Asia reduced the net carbon uptake and offset 72% of the increased net carbon uptake over the tropics in 2021. This study contributes to our broader understanding of how regional processes can shape the trajectory of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration under climate change.