Constructing static two-electron lithium-bromide battery.
basic_science · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 38875345.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1126/sciadv.adl0587 and PMC identifier 11177945.
- Licence recorded as CC BY-NC.
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Abstract
Despite their potential as conversion-type energy storage technologies, the performance of static lithium-bromide (SLB) batteries has remained stagnant for decades. Progress has been hindered by the intrinsic liquid-liquid redox mode and single-electron transfer of these batteries. Here, we developed a high-performance SLB battery based on the active bromine salt cathode and the two-electron transfer chemistry with a Br<sup>-</sup>/Br<sup>+</sup> redox couple by electrolyte tailoring. The introduction of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> improved the reversible single-electron transition of Br<sup>-</sup>, and more impressively, the coordinated Cl<sup>-</sup> anions activated the Br<sup>+</sup> conversion to provide an additional electron transfer. A voltage plateau was observed at 3.8 V, and the discharge capacity and energy density were increased by 142 and 159% compared to the one-electron reaction benchmark. This two-step conversion mechanism exhibited excellent stability, with the battery functioning for 1000 cycles. These performances already approach the state of the art of currently established Li-halogen batteries. We consider the established two-electron redox mechanism highly exemplary for diversified halogen batteries.