Regulating the proinflammatory response to composite biomaterials by targeting immunometabolism.
basic_science · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 38948254.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.046 and PMC identifier 11214186.
- Licence recorded as CC BY.
- The licence permits redistribution, so the abstract is shown in full and the full text is available from the publisher.
Abstract
Composite biomaterials comprising polylactide (PLA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) are applied in bone, cartilage and dental regenerative medicine, where HA confers osteoconductive properties. However, after surgical implantation, adverse immune responses to these composites can occur, which have been attributed to size and morphology of HA particles. Approaches to effectively modulate these adverse immune responses have not been described. PLA degradation products have been shown to alter immune cell metabolism (immunometabolism), which drives the inflammatory response. Accordingly, to modulate the inflammatory response to composite biomaterials, inhibitors were incorporated into composites comprised of amorphous PLA (aPLA) and HA (aPLA + HA) to regulate glycolytic flux. Inhibition at specific steps in glycolysis reduced proinflammatory (CD86<sup>+</sup>CD206<sup>-</sup>) and increased pro-regenerative (CD206<sup>+</sup>) immune cell populations around implanted aPLA + HA. Notably, neutrophil and dendritic cell (DC) numbers along with proinflammatory monocyte and macrophage populations were decreased, and Arginase 1 expression among DCs was increased. Targeting immunometabolism to control the proinflammatory response to biomaterial composites, thereby creating a pro-regenerative microenvironment, is a significant advance in tissue engineering where immunomodulation enhances osseointegration and angiogenesis, which could lead to improved bone regeneration.