Activation of fetal-like molecular programs during regeneration in the intestine and beyond.

Abstract

Tissue regeneration after damage is generally thought to involve the mobilization of adult stem cells that divide and differentiate into progressively specialized progeny. However, recent studies indicate that tissue regeneration can be accompanied by reversion to a fetal-like state. During this process, cells at the injury site reactivate programs that operate during fetal development but are typically absent in adult homeostasis. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the molecular signals and epigenetic mediators that orchestrate "fetal-like reversion" during intestinal regeneration. We also explore evidence for this phenomenon in other organs and species and highlight open questions that merit future examination.