Correlation of health literacy and learning style preference in persons with heart failure.

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to describe demographic and health literacy correlates of learning style in older adults with heart failure (HF). Cross sectional data on learning styles (VARK Questionnaire, 16 items) and health literacy (S-TOFHLA, 36 items) were collected. Preferred learning style was determined and correlated to health literacy and demographic measures. 116 participants with heart failure (M age = 75.1 (SD 12.5) years, M health literacy of 19 (SD 11.5). Most identified as male (59 %); with inadequate health literacy (67 %). Thirty percent reported a multimodal learning style preference with a kinesthetic (r = .33, p = .03) and not a visual preference (r = -.49, p < .001). Among unimodal learning styles, the most frequent was kinesthetic (26.7 %). Those with lower literacy levels were older (r = -.44, p = <.001), had less education (r = .48, p < .001) and reported a kinesthetic learning preference (r = .37, p = .001). Older individuals identifying as male, with low health literacy, preferred a kinesthetic approach to HF education. Future research should consider the linkage between education tailored to learning style, health literacy and outcomes. Assessment of learning style should be completed prior to an educational encounter.