Photo-Clickable Triazine-Trione Thermosets as Promising 3D Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications.
basic_science · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 39021283.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1002/adhm.202401202 and PMC identifier 12344621.
- Licence recorded as CC BY.
- The licence permits redistribution, so the abstract is shown in full and the full text is available from the publisher.
Abstract
There is an overwhelming demand for new scaffolding materials for tissue engineering (TE) purposes. Polymeric scaffolds have been explored as TE materials; however, their high glass transition state (T<sub>g</sub>) limits their applicability. In this study, a novel materials platform for fabricating TE scaffolds is proposed based on solvent-free two-component heterocyclic triazine-trione (TATO) formulations, which cure at room temperature via thiol-ene/yne photochemistry. Three ester-containing thermosets, TATO-1, TATO-2, and TATO-3, are used for the fabrication of TE scaffolds including rigid discs, elastic films, microporous sponges, and 3D printed objects. After 14 days' incubation the materials covered a wide range of properties, from the soft TATO-2 having a compression modulus of 19.3 MPa and a T<sub>g</sub> of 30.4 °C to the hard TATO-3 having a compression modulus of 411 MPa and a T<sub>g</sub> of 62.5 °C. All materials exhibit micro- and nano-surface morphologies suited for bone tissue engineering, and in vitro studies found them all to be cytocompatible, supporting fast cell proliferation while minimizing cell apoptosis and necrosis. Moreover, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on the surface of the materials are successfully differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and neuronal cells, underlining the broad potential for the biofabrication of TATO materials for TE clinical applications.
Medical subject headings
- Tissue Engineering
- Tissue Scaffolds
- Triazines
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells