Cycling and persistence of iron-bound organic carbon in subseafloor sediments.

Chen, Yunru; Dong, Liang; Sui, Weikang; Niu, Mingyang; Cui, Xingqian; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe; Wang, Fengping · Nat Commun · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Reactive iron (Fe<sub>R</sub>) serves as an important sink of organic carbon (OC) in marine surface sediments, which preserves approximately 20% of total OC (TOC) as reactive iron-bound OC (Fe<sub>R</sub>-OC). However, the fate of Fe<sub>R</sub>-OC in subseafloor sediments and its availability to microorganisms, remain undetermined. Here, we reconstructed continuous Fe<sub>R</sub>-OC records in two sediment cores of the northern South China Sea encompassing the suboxic to methanic biogeochemical zones and reaching a maximum age of ~100 kyr. The downcore Fe<sub>R</sub>-OC contributes a relatively stable proportion of 13.3 ± 3.2% to TOC. However, distinctly lower values of less than 5% of TOC, accompanied by notable <sup>13</sup>C depletion of Fe<sub>R</sub>-OC, are observed in the sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ). Fe<sub>R</sub>-OC is suggested to be remobilized by microbially mediated reductive dissolution of Fe<sub>R</sub> and subsequently remineralized, the flux of which is 18-30% of the methane consumption in the SMTZ. The global reservoir of Fe<sub>R</sub>-OC in microbially active Quaternary marine sediments could be 19-46 times the size of the atmospheric carbon pool. Thus, the Fe<sub>R</sub>-OC pool may support subseafloor microorganisms and contribute to regulating Earth's carbon cycle.