Hypoxia Reversion and STING Pathway Activation through Large Mesoporous Nanozyme for Near-Infrared-II Light Amplified Tumor Polymetallic-Immunotherapy.

Abstract

cGAS/STING pathway, which is highly related to tumor hypoxia, is considered as a potential target for remodeling the immunosuppressive microenvironment of solid tumors. Metal ions, such as Mn²⁺, activate the cGAS/STING pathway, but their efficacy in cancer therapy is limited by insufficient effect on immunogenic tumor cell death of a single ion. Here, we evaluate the association between tumor hypoxia and cGAS/STING inhibition and report a polymetallic-immunotherapy strategy based on large mesoporous trimetal-based nanozyme (AuPdRh) coordinated with Mn²⁺ (Mn²⁺@AuPdRh) to activate cGAS/STING signaling for robust adaptive antitumor immunity. Specifically, the inherent CAT-like activity of this polymetallic Mn²⁺@AuPdRh nanozyme decomposes the endogenous H₂O₂ into O₂ to relieve tumor hypoxia induced suppression of cGAS/STING signaling. Moreover, the Mn²⁺@AuPdRh nanozyme displays a potent near-infrared-II photothermal effect and strong POD-mimic activity; and the generated hyperthermia and ^•OH radicals synergistically trigger immunogenic cell death in tumors, releasing abundant dsDNA, while the delivered Mn²⁺ augments the sensitivity of cGAS to dsDNA and activates the cGAS-STING pathway, thereby triggering downstream immunostimulatory signals to kill primary and distant metastatic tumors. Our study demonstrates the potential of metal-based nanozyme for STING-mediated tumor polymetallic-immunotherapy and may inspire the development of more effective strategies for cancer immunotherapy.