Two-dimensional electrons at mirror and twistronic twin boundaries in van der Waals ferroelectrics.

McHugh, James G; Li, Xue; Soltero, Isaac; Fal'ko, Vladimir I · Nat Commun · 2024

basic_science · Level V

Where this comes from

Abstract

Semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (MX<sub>2</sub>) occur in 2H and rhombohedral (3R) polytypes, respectively distinguished by anti-parallel and parallel orientation of consecutive monolayer lattices. In its bulk form, 3R-MX<sub>2</sub> is ferroelectric, hosting an out-of-plane electric polarisation, the direction of which is dictated by stacking. Here, we predict that twin boundaries, separating adjacent polarisation domains with reversed built-in electric fields, are able to host two-dimensional electrons and holes with an areal density reaching  ~ 10<sup>13</sup>cm<sup>-2</sup>. Our modelling suggests that n-doped twin boundaries have a more promising binding energy than p-doped ones, whereas hole accumulation is stable at external surfaces of a twinned film. We also propose that assembling pairs of mono-twin films with a 'magic' twist angle θ<sup>*</sup> that provides commensurability between the moiré pattern at the interface and the accumulated carrier density, should promote a regime of strongly correlated states of electrons, such as Wigner crystals, and we specify the values of θ<sup>*</sup> for homo- and heterostructures of various TMDs.