Long-term stability in perovskite solar cells through atomic layer deposition of tin oxide.

Gao, Danpeng; Li, Bo; Liu, Qi; Zhang, Chunlei; Yu, Zexin; Li, Shuai; Gong, Jianqiu; Qian, Liangchen et al. · Science · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Robust contact schemes that boost stability and simplify the production process are needed for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We codeposited perovskite and hole-selective contact while protecting the perovskite to enable deposition of SnO<i><sub>x</sub></i>/Ag without the use of a fullerene. The SnO<i><sub>x</sub></i>, prepared through atomic layer deposition, serves as a durable inorganic electron transport layer. Tailoring the oxygen vacancy defects in the SnO<i><sub>x</sub></i> layer led to power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of >25%. Our devices exhibit superior stability over conventional p-i-n PSCs, successfully meeting several benchmark stability tests. They retained >95% PCE after 2000 hours of continuous operation at their maximum power point under simulated AM1.5 illumination at 65°C. Additionally, they boast a certified <i>T</i><sub>97</sub> lifetime exceeding 1000 hours.