Prognostic Significance of Early Posttreatment Audiometry in Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of early posttreatment initiation audiometry findings in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL). A retrospective cohort study. The study was conducted at a single tertiary medical center. A review was conducted on 299 ISSHL patients treated between 2007 and 2023. Patients underwent audiometry on Days 2 to 3 and 5 to 7 posttreatment initiation. Data on demographics, medical history, audiometry results, and prognosis were collected. Prognosis was categorized based on hearing recovery at 1 year postdiagnosis. Older age, worse initial speech reception threshold (SRT), ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular accidents/transient ischemic attacks, hypertension, and diabetes were associated with a poorer prognosis. Posttreatment initiation audiometry findings on Days 2 to 3 and 5 to 7 significantly correlated with prognosis. Patients with a ≥30% improvement had substantial or complete recovery in over 80% of cases, while those with <10% had <30% recovery. Multivariate analysis identified a significant improvement on days 5 to 7 as an independent predictor of complete recovery (odds ratio = 4.25 [95% confidence interval 1.96-9.23], P = .0002). Posttreatment initiation audiometry findings, particularly on Days 5 to 7, hold significant prognostic value in ISSHL patients. A substantial improvement during this timeframe is strongly associated with favorable outcomes. These findings emphasize the potential of posttreatment initiation audiometry as a valuable tool for clinicians in counseling patients with ISSHL.