Genetic architecture of routinely acquired blood tests in a British South Asian cohort.

Jacobs, Benjamin M; Stow, Daniel; Hodgson, Sam; Zöllner, Julia; Samuel, Miriam; Kanoni, Stavroula; Bidi, Saeed; Genes & Health Research Team et al. · Nat Commun · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Understanding the genetic basis of routinely-acquired blood tests can provide insights into several aspects of human physiology. We report a genome-wide association study of 42 quantitative blood test traits defined using Electronic Healthcare Records (EHRs) of ~50,000 British Bangladeshi and British Pakistani adults. We demonstrate a causal variant within the PIEZO1 locus which was associated with alterations in red cell traits and glycated haemoglobin. Conditional analysis and within-ancestry fine mapping confirmed that this signal is driven by a missense variant - chr16-88716656-G-T<sub>T</sub> - which is common in South Asian ancestries (MAF 3.9%) but ultra-rare in other ancestries. Carriers of the T allele had lower mean HbA1c values, lower HbA1c values for a given level of random or fasting glucose, and delayed diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Our results shed light on the genetic basis of clinically-relevant traits in an under-represented population, and emphasise the importance of ancestral diversity in genetic studies.

Medical subject headings