Sum rule for fluctuations of work.

Park, Hyogeon; Kim, Yong Woon; Yi, Juyeon · Phys Rev E · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

We study the fluctuations of work caused by applying cyclic perturbations and obtain an exact sum rule satisfied by the moments of work for a broad class of quantum stationary ensembles. In the case of the canonical ensemble, the sum rule reproduces the Jarzynski equality. The sum rule can also be simplified into a linear relationship between the work average and the second moment of work, which we numerically confirm via an exact diagonalization of a spin model system.