Bridging to Commercialization: Record-Breaking of Ultra-Large and Superior Cyclic Stability Tungsten Oxide Electrochromic Smart Window.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 39436056.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1002/adma.202409790.
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Abstract
Electrochromic smart windows (ESWs) can significantly reduce energy consumption in buildings, but their cost-effective, large-scale production remains a challenge. In this study, the instability of black phosphorus is leveraged to induce the growth of the tungsten oxide film through its decomposition process, inspired by the 2D material-assisted in situ growth (TAIG) method. This approach results in the preparation of large-scale, high-performance WO<sub>3-x</sub>·nH<sub>2</sub>O (n < 2) films. Characterization techniques and DFT calculations confirm efficient regulation of structural water and oxygen vacancies during TAIG preparation. The WO<sub>3-x</sub>·nH<sub>2</sub>O films exhibit excellent electrochromic (EC) properties, including high transmittance modulation (74.2%@1100 nm), fast switching time (t<sub>c </sub>= 5.5 s, t<sub>b </sub>= 3.8 s), high coloration efficiency (124.7 cm<sup>2</sup> C<sup>-1</sup>), and superior cyclic stability (transmittance modulation retained 94.7% after 20 000 cycles). Ultra-large WO<sub>3-x</sub>·nH<sub>2</sub>O film are prepared via a simple immersion process, and fabricated into a large-area ESW under facile laboratory conditions, demonstrating the economic and practical feasibility of this approach in industrial-scale production. Operated by the intelligent control circuit, the ESW exhibits remarkable EC properties and cyclic stability This research represents a milestone in improving the performance and industrial-scale production of ESWs, bridging the gap to the commercialization of EC technology.