Amplification of <i>MYC</i> and Its Enhancer Correlates With Genetic Ancestry in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Abstract

In lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), Black patients show significantly higher incidence and lower overall survival than White patients. Although socioeconomic factors likely contribute to this survival disparity, genomic factors have yet to be elucidated in LUSC. Using 416 LUSC tumor samples in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we assessed genomic and transcriptomic profiles by ancestry. We replicated our analyses in pan-cancer data from TCGA, the American Association of Cancer Research (AACR) Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE), and Columbia University Medical Center. We found increased <i>MYC</i> amplification, LUSC-specific <i>MYC</i> enhancer amplification, and chromosome arm 8q (chr8q) gain to be significantly associated with genetic AFR (African) ancestry in LUSC in TCGA. Furthermore, expression of <i>MYC</i> target genes was significantly enriched in AFR samples. Local ancestry analysis identified correlation of chr8q gain with AFR ancestry at the <i>MYC</i> locus in TCGA. We also found a significant correlation between chr8q and AFR ancestry in multiple cancer types and pan-cancer in TCGA. Similarly, in a pan-cancer subset of AACR GENIE data, we found a significant correlation between chr8q gain and race. Together, our data suggest that ancestry may influence amplification of not only <i>MYC</i> but also its enhancer in LUSC. They also suggest a role for genetic ancestry in chr8q aneuploidy in cancer. These studies further define and expand patients who may benefit from future anti-<i>MYC</i> therapeutic approaches.