A hole-selective hybrid TiO<sub>2</sub> layer for stable and low-cost photoanodes in solar water oxidation.

Bae, Sanghyun; Moehl, Thomas; Service, Erin; Kim, Minjung; Adams, Pardis; Wang, Zhenbin; Choi, Yuri; Ryu, Jungki et al. · Nat Commun · 2024

basic_science · Level V

Where this comes from

Abstract

The use of conductive and corrosion-resistant protective layers represents a key strategy for improving the durability of light absorber materials in photoelectrochemical water splitting. For high performance photoanodes such as Si, GaAs, and GaP, amorphous TiO<sub>2</sub> protective overlayers, deposited by atomic layer deposition, are conductive for holes via a defect band in the TiO<sub>2</sub>. However, when coated on simply prepared, low-cost photoanodes such as metal oxides, no charge transfer is observed through amorphous TiO<sub>2</sub>. Here, we report a hybrid polyethyleneimine/TiO<sub>2</sub> layer that facilitates hole transfer from model oxides BiVO<sub>4</sub> and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, enabling access to a broader scope of available materials for practical water oxidation. A thin polyethyleneimine layer between the light absorber and the hybrid polyethyleneimine/TiO<sub>2</sub> acts as a hole-selective interface, improving the optoelectronic properties of the photoanode devices. These polyethyleneimine/TiO<sub>2</sub> modified photoanodes exhibit high photostability for solar water oxidation over 400 h.