Esketamine administered epidurally as an adjuvant to epidural ropivacaine for labour analgesia: a prospective, double-blind dose-response study.

Abstract

To investigate the efficacy of esketamine as an adjuvant to epidural ropivacaine for labour analgesia by determining its effect on the median effective concentration (EC₅₀) in a 20 ml volume of ropivacaine. A prospective, double-blind dose-response study. This study was conducted in Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China. One hundred and fifty parturients who requested epidural analgesia were recruited in this study to randomly receive epidural ropivacaine alone or with esketamine of 0.2 mg ml^-1, 0.3 mg ml^-1, 0.4 mg ml^-1 or 0.5 mg ml^-1, respectively. The primary outcome, EC₅₀ of ropivacaine, was determined using an up-down sequential allocation technique. The secondary outcomes were analgesia characteristics, Ramsay Sedation Scale score, labour duration, caesarean section rate and adverse effects. The EC₅₀ of ropivacaine with the addition of esketamine at concentrations of 0.3 mg ml^-1, 0.4 mg ml^-1 and 0.5 mg ml^-1 resulted in significant reductions in the EC₅₀ of ropivacaine to 0.050%, 0.044% and 0.043%, respectively, from baseline (esketamine 0 mg ml^-1) (p<0.0001). However, reductions of the EC₅₀ of ropivacaine were similar among the groups with esketamine of 0.3 mg ml^-1, 0.4 mg ml^-1 and 0.5 mg ml^-1 (p>0.05). The Ramsay Sedation Scale score was higher and more dizziness was observed in the Group of esketamine 0.5 mg ml^-1 compared with all other groups (p<0.0001). During the peripartum period, no differences in sensory blockade level, Bromage score, labour duration and percentage of caesarean delivery were found among the groups. Under the conditions of this study, the addition of epidural esketamine of 0.3 mg⋅mL^-1, 0.4 mg⋅mL^-1 and 0.5 mg⋅mL^-1 offered a similar ropivacaine dose-sparing effect; 0.5 mg⋅mL^-1 of esketamine produced more adverse effects. ChiCTR2100054348.