Evidence for the acclimation of ecosystem photosynthesis to soil moisture.

Peng, Jinlong; Tang, Jiwang; Xie, Shudi; Wang, Yiheng; Liao, Jiaqiang; Chen, Chen; Sun, Chuanlian; Mao, Jinhua et al. · Nat Commun · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Ecosystem gross primary productivity (GPP) is the largest carbon flux between the atmosphere and biosphere and is strongly influenced by soil moisture. However, the response and acclimation of GPP to soil moisture remain poorly understood, leading to large uncertainties in characterizing the impact of soil moisture on GPP in Earth system models. Here we analyze the GPP-soil moisture response curves at 143 sites from the global FLUXNET. We find that GPP at 108 sites exhibits hump-shaped response curves with increasing soil moisture, and an apparent optimum soil moisture ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <msubsup><mrow><mi>SM</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>opt</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>GPP</mi></mrow> </msubsup> </math> , at which GPP reaches the maximum) exists widely with large variability among sites and biomes around the globe. Variation in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <msubsup><mrow><mi>SM</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>opt</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>GPP</mi></mrow> </msubsup> </math> is mostly explained by local water availability, with drier ecosystems having lower <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <msubsup><mrow><mi>SM</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>opt</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>GPP</mi></mrow> </msubsup> </math> than wetter ecosystems, reflecting the water acclimation of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <msubsup><mrow><mi>SM</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>opt</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>GPP</mi></mrow> </msubsup> </math> . This acclimation is further supported by a field experiment that only manipulates water and keeps other factors constant, which shows a downward shift in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <msubsup><mrow><mi>SM</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>opt</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>GPP</mi></mrow> </msubsup> </math> after long-term water deficit, and thus a lower soil water requirement to maximize GPP. These results provide compelling evidence for the widespread <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <msubsup><mrow><mi>SM</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>opt</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>GPP</mi></mrow> </msubsup> </math> and its acclimation, shedding new light on understanding and predicting carbon-climate feedbacks.