Regulating Li<sub>2</sub>S Deposition and Accelerating Conversion Kinetics through Intracavity ZnS toward Low-Temperature Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 39545933.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c04427.
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Abstract
The uncontrolled deposition behavior and sluggish conversion kinetics of the discharging product (solid Li<sub>2</sub>S) severely deteriorate the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, especially under high S loading and low-temperature conditions. Herein, a multifunctional S cathode host consisting of ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) confined in hollow porous carbon spheres (ZnS@HPCS) is synthesized via a unique capillary force-driven melting-diffusion strategy. The porous carbon shell of ZnS@HPCS provides a space-confined reservoir for soluble polysulfides and solid Li<sub>2</sub>S, while the intracavity ZnS NPs trap polysulfides, induce Li<sub>2</sub>S inside deposition, and accelerate conversion kinetics. Thus, Li-S batteries with ZnS@HPCS-S cathodes exhibit excellent electrochemical performance at both room and low temperatures (-40 °C) and high reversible capacities under high S loading (5.2 mg cm<sup>-2</sup>). Furthermore, Li<sub>2</sub>S nucleation/deposition, <i>in situ</i> Raman, and theoretical analyses reveal the underlying mechanism. This work offers fundamental insights into regulating Li<sub>2</sub>S deposition and designing S hosts for high-performance Li-S batteries.