Principles of Doppler Ultrasonography and Basic Applications for the Clinician.

Abstract

Doppler ultrasonography has evolved into a cornerstone of ultrasound imaging. In this article, we delve into the fundamental principles of Doppler ultrasonography, introduce color and spectral Doppler analysis, and highlight common applications relevant to point-of-care (POCUS) practitioners. From enhancing the safety of bedside procedures to estimating cardiac output, to exploring findings of venous congestion, we review the key advantages, disadvantages, and challenges of using Doppler in POCUS.