Boltzmann-Distribution-Driven Cathodoluminescence Thermometry in <i>In Situ</i> Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Olshin, Pavel K; Park, Won-Woo; Kim, Ye-Jin; Choi, Ye-Jin; Mamonova, Daria V; Kolesnikov, Ilya E; Afanaseva, Elena V; Kwon, Oh-Hoon · ACS Nano · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Nanothermometry in <i>in situ</i> transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is useful for comprehending the functioning mechanisms of the heterogeneous matter through real-time observations. Herein, we introduce a Boltzmann-distribution-driven cathodoluminescence (CL) nanothermometry for <i>in situ</i> local temperature probing in TEM. The population distribution across the close-lying Stark sublevels of dysprosium ions in an yttrium vanadate matrix follows the Boltzmann distribution, enabling the use of the CL-intensity ratio as a thermometry over a wide temperature range of 103-435 K with a relative sensitivity exceeding 3% K<sup>-1</sup> and precision of ±2%. Superior to other CL-based thermometries, the present approach is independent of electron-beam parameters and dopant concentration, extending the robustness and applicability of CL-based nanothermometry in electron microscopy. We further demonstrate the real-time mapping of the temperature distribution across a TEM grid under laser irradiation.