X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography: 3D X-ray absorption imaging from a single view.

Wang, Siqi; Pandey, Prabodh Kumar; Lee, Gerald; van Bergen, Rick J P; Sun, Leshan; Xu, Yifei; Xiang, Liangzhong · Sci Adv · 2024

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Computed tomography (CT) scanners are essential for modern imaging but require around 600 projections from various angles. We present x-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT), a method that uses radiation-induced acoustic waves for three-dimensional (3D) x-ray imaging. These spherical acoustic waves travel through tissue at 1.5 × 10<sup>3</sup> meters per second, much slower than x-rays, allowing ultrasound detectors to capture them and generate 3D images without mechanical scanning. We validate this theory by performing 3D numerical reconstructions of a human breast from a single x-ray projection and experimentally determining 3D structures of objects at different depths. Achieving resolutions of 0.4 millimeters in the <i>XZ</i> plane and 3.5 millimeters in the <i>XY</i> plane at a depth of 16 millimeters, XACT demonstrates the ability to produce 3D images from one x-ray projection, reducing radiation exposure and enabling gantry-free imaging. XACT shows great promise for biomedical and nondestructive testing applications, potentially replacing conventional CT.