Boosting neuronal activity-driven mitochondrial DNA transcription improves cognition in aged mice.

Li, Wenwen; Li, Jiarui; Li, Jing; Wei, Chen; Laviv, Tal; Dong, Meiyi; Lin, Jingran; Calubag, Mariah et al. · Science · 2024

basic_science · Level V

Where this comes from

Abstract

Deciphering the complex interplay between neuronal activity and mitochondrial function is pivotal in understanding brain aging, a multifaceted process marked by declines in synaptic function and mitochondrial performance. Here, we identified an age-dependent coupling between neuronal and synaptic excitation and mitochondrial DNA transcription (E-TC<sub>mito</sub>), which operates differently compared to classic excitation-transcription coupling in the nucleus (E-TC<sub>nuc</sub>). We demonstrated that E-TC<sub>mito</sub> repurposes molecules traditionally associated with E-TC<sub>nuc</sub> to regulate mitochondrial DNA expression in areas closely linked to synaptic activation. The effectiveness of E-TC<sub>mito</sub> weakens with age, contributing to age-related neurological deficits in mice. Boosting brain E-TC<sub>mito</sub> in aged animals ameliorated these impairments, offering a potential target to counteract age-related cognitive decline.

Medical subject headings