A reinforced lunar dynamo recorded by Chang'e-6 farside basalt.

Cai, Shuhui; Qi, Kaixian; Yang, Saihong; Fang, Jie; Shi, Pingyuan; Shen, Zhongshan; Zhang, Min; Qin, Huafeng et al. · Nature · 2025

basic_science · Level V

Where this comes from

Abstract

The evolution of the lunar dynamo is essential for deciphering the deep interior structure, thermal history and surface environment of the Moon<sup>1-4</sup>. Previous palaeomagnetic investigations on samples returned from the nearside of the Moon have established the general variation of the lunar magnetic field<sup>5-7</sup>. However, limited spatial and temporal palaeomagnetic constraints leave the evolution of the lunar dynamo ambiguous. The Chang'e-6 mission returned the first farside basalts dated at about 2.8 billion years ago (Ga) (refs. <sup>8,9</sup>), offering an opportunity to investigate a critical spatiotemporal gap in the evolution of the global lunar dynamo. Here we report palaeointensities (around 5-21 μT) recovered from the Chang'e-6 basalts, providing the first constraint on the magnetic field from the lunar farside and a critical anchor within the large gap between 3 Ga and 2 Ga. These results record a rebound of the field strength after its previous sharp decline of around 3.1 Ga, which attests to an active lunar dynamo at about 2.8 Ga in the mid-early stage and argues against the suggestion that the lunar dynamo may have remained in a low-energy state after 3 Ga until its demise. The results indicate that the lunar dynamo was probably driven by either a basal magma ocean or a precession, supplemented by other mechanisms such as core crystallization.