Low field electrocaloric effect at isotropic-ferroelectric nematic phase transition.

Adaka, A; Guragain, P; Perera, K; Nepal, P; Twieg, R J; Jákli, A · Soft Matter · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Electrocaloric effects (ECE) in solid state materials, such as ferroelectric ceramics and ferroelectric polymers, have a great impact in developing cooling systems. Herein, we describe the ECE of a newly synthesized ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal compound at the isotropic-ferroelectric nematic (I-N<sub>F</sub>) phase transition. While the Joule heat completely suppressed the ECE in a DC field, in an AC field with <i>E</i> < 1.2 V μm<sup>-1</sup> and <i>f</i> ≥ 40 Hz, an increase in optical transmittance was observed, which in comparison with a zero-field transmittance <i>versus</i> temperature plot indicated a shift in the transition temperature. These findings implied that one can induce the desired phase transition using an electric field <i>via</i> ECE with an EC responsivity of ∼1.7 × 10<sup>-6</sup> km V<sup>-1</sup>. Notably, the required electric field was two orders of magnitude smaller than the typical fields for other EC materials. EC effects observed under such low fields is a unique property of ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals. Furthermore, the specific EC energy could be increased considerably by reducing the ionic content, thus suppressing the Joule heat.