Three-dimensional nonreciprocal transport in photonic topological heterostructure of arbitrary shape.

Wang, Mudi; Zhang, Ruo-Yang; Zhang, Chenyu; Xue, Haoran; Jia, Hongwei; Hu, Jing; Wang, Dongyang; Jiang, Tianshu et al. · Sci Adv · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Electromagnetic wave propagation in three-dimensional (3D) space typically suffers omnidirectional scattering when encountering obstacles. In this study, we used Chern vectors to construct a topological heterostructure, where large-volume nonreciprocal topological transport in 3D is achieved. The shape of the cross section in the heterostructure can be arbitrary designed, and we experimentally observed the distinctive cross-shaped field pattern transport, nonreciprocal energy harvesting, and the remarkable ability of electromagnetic wave to traverse obstacles and abrupt structure changes without encountering reflections in 3D space.