Continuous-wave perovskite polariton lasers.

Zou, Chen; Cao, Xuhui; Wang, Zixiang; Yang, Yichen; Lian, Yaxiao; Zhao, Baodan; Di, Dawei · Sci Adv · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Solution-processed semiconductor lasers are next-generation light sources for large-scale, bio-compatible and integrated photonics. However, overcoming their performance-cost trade-off to rival III-V laser functionalities is a long-standing challenge. Here, we demonstrate room-temperature continuous-wave perovskite polariton lasers exhibiting remarkably low thresholds of ~0.4 W cm<sup>-2</sup>, enabled by a variable single-crystal perovskite microcavity. The threshold outperforms state-of-the-art III-V lasers by ~30 times under optical pumping, and is exceptional among solution-processed lasers. The ultralow-threshold lasing arises from steady-state exciton-polariton condensation, a macroscopic quantum phenomenon akin to Bose-Einstein condensation. The steady-state condensation is attained by fine-tuning the cavity photon-exciton energy separation near the degeneracy point for strong light-matter interactions. These mechanisms enabled the initial demonstration of an indirectly injected perovskite laser chip powered by a gallium nitride light-emitting diode. Our findings create exciting avenues toward on-chip integration of solution-processed lasers, opening opportunities for lasing with ultralow energy consumption and unprecedented performance.