Real-Space Visualization of Canalized Ray Polaritons in a Single Van der Waals Thin Slab.

Abstract

Polaritons are central to the development of nanophotonics, as they provide mechanisms for manipulating light at the nanoscale. A key advancement has been the demonstration of polariton canalization in which the energy flow is directed along a single direction. An intriguing case is the canalization of ray polaritons, characterized by an enhanced density of optical states. Experimental demonstrations of ray polaritons are scarce and their observation in single crystal slabs remains elusive. Here, we propose a novel polaritonic platform based on single thin slabs allowing for the excitation of canalized ray polaritons. By performing near-field nanoimaging, we demonstrate that the necessary conditions for their observation are fulfilled for phonon-polaritons at mid-IR frequencies in thin α-MoO₃ slabs on SiO₂ substrates. Our real-space images reveal the propagation of unidirectional phonon-polaritons exhibiting a constant propagating phase. These results might impact the development of compact, low-loss optical nanodevices for applications requiring strong light directionality.