Homozygous missense variant in <i>C2orf69</i> causes early-onset neurodegeneration, leukoencephalopathy and autoinflammation.

Abstract

Biallelic pathogenic variants in <i>C2orf69</i> cause a fatal autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by recurrent autoinflammation, hypomyelination, progressive neurodegeneration, microcephaly, failure to thrive, liver dysfunction, respiratory chain defects and accumulation of glycogen in skeletal muscle. No missense variants in <i>C2orf69</i> have been reported to date.We report a 6-year-old boy with microcephaly, global developmental delays, lower limb spasticity with hyperreflexia, epilepsy, abnormal brain MRI, failure to thrive, recurrent fevers and transaminitis. Whole-exome sequencing identified a homozygous missense c.320 C>G, p.(Pro107Arg) variant of uncertain significance (VUS) in <i>C2orf69</i> Skeletal muscle biopsy showed active and chronic muscle fibre degeneration with deposits of periodic acid-Schiff-positive material in affected tissues, consistent with abnormal glycogen storage. Mitochondrial respiratory assays were normal in muscle tissue. Primary patient fibroblasts showed normal levels of mRNA expression but significantly reduced levels of endogenous C2ORF69 protein and GBE1 by Western blot. We report a patient with a homozygous missense variant in <i>C2orf69</i>, causing loss of function. Depletion of endogenous GBE1 in affected cells can be considered a biomarker for this disorder and assist in the interpretation of VUS in <i>C2orf69</i> This expands the clinical and genetic spectrum of <i>C2orf69</i>-related disorder.