Increased sagittal abdominal diameter is associated with a higher risk of kidney stones.

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), a measure of abdominal obesity, and kidney stone disease (KSD) in the U.S. population. Additionally, it explores potential underlying mechanisms and evaluates the clinical utility of a predictive model. Data were collected from 11,671 participants, including 1,136 cases of KSD. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, dose-response curves, and mediation effect assessments were employed to examine the association between SAD and KSD. A predictive model was developed and validated using calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and clinical decision curves. Additionally, hematological indicators were analyzed to identify potential mediating factors. SAD showed a strong and positive association with KSD, even after adjusting for confounders such as gender, age, and education. The predictive model demonstrated moderate accuracy (AUC =  0.661) and clinical utility. Hematological analyses indicated that granulocyte count (GRAN) significantly mediated the relationship between SAD and KSD (P <  0.001). SAD is a significant risk factor for KSD, underscoring the role of abdominal obesity in kidney stone formation. The predictive model demonstrates potential clinical applications for early risk assessment and management of KSD.