Selecting a smartwatch for trials involving older adults with neurodegenerative diseases: A researcher's framework to avoid hidden pitfalls.

Abstract

Increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases complicates care needs for older adults. Sensing technologies, such as smartwatches, are one available solution which can help address the challenges of aging. Knowledge of the possibilities and pitfalls of these sensing technologies is of key importance to researchers when choosing a device for a trial and considering the sustainability of these technologies in real-world settings. This study aims to uncover hidden truths related to the suitability of smartwatches for use in clinical trials which include older adults with neurodegenerative diseases, including end-of-life and palliative care studies. We perform an analysis of smartwatch features vs. user and researcher needs and provide an overview of hidden expenses which should be considered by the research team. Investigative research on 11 smartwatches is presented, selected based on previous use in clinical studies and recommendations from fellow researchers. We found that expenses, battery life, choice of research vs. commercial grade devices, data management, study methodology, and participant demographics are principal factors in selecting a smartwatch for a clinical trial involving older adults with neurodegenerative diseases. A revised framework based on our findings, and concepts from Connely (2021), Mattison (2023), and Espay (2019) et al.'s previous work, is presented as a tool for researchers in evaluation of smartwatches and future sensing technologies. Careful consideration must be given to the fitness of technologies for future research, especially considering that this is a rapidly changing field. The process of selection of a smartwatch for a clinical trial should be thoughtful, scrutinous, and include interdisciplinary collaboration.